The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) is an internationally agreed-upon framework developed by the United Nations for classifying and labeling chemicals based on their health, physical, and environmental hazards.
Brief Explanation of the Term “Globally Harmonized System”
The primary purpose of GHS is to enhance the protection of human health and the environment by providing a common and understandable framework for classifying chemical hazards and communicating that information. Before GHS, different countries had varying regulations for classifying and labeling chemicals, leading to confusion and potential safety risks, especially in international trade. GHS aims to standardize these elements so that hazard information is consistent across borders, regardless of where the chemical is produced or used. This consistency helps workers, emergency responders, and consumers understand the risks associated with chemicals and take appropriate precautions.
It standardizes:
- Hazard classification (e.g., flammable, toxic, corrosive).
- Labels (e.g., pictograms, signal words like “Danger” or “Warning”).
- Safety Data Sheets (SDS) (16-section format for detailed hazard and precautionary information).
It aims to ensure that information on chemical hazards is clear, consistent, and universally understood, improving protection for workers, emergency responders, and the environment. GHS is implemented in many countries and often forms the basis for national chemical safety regulations.
Example:
A flammable liquid like acetone would be labeled under GHS with a flame pictogram, the signal word “Danger”, and a hazard statement such as “Highly flammable liquid and vapor”. This helps users immediately recognize the associated risks and apply appropriate precautions, such as storing it away from ignition sources and using proper ventilation.
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