Biosafety refers to implementing policies, procedures, and containment measures to prevent accidental exposure to biological agents (including microorganisms, infectious agents, genetically modified organisms, toxins, and other harmful biological materials) that could cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment. It aims to protect workers, the environment, and the public from potential risks of handling biological substances. It encompasses the safe handling, storage, transportation, use, and disposal of biological materials to minimise the risk of infection, intoxication, or ecological damage.
Brief Explanation of the Term “Biosafety”
Biosafety is essential in environments with potential exposure to infectious microorganisms, toxins, or genetically modified organisms (GMOs), such as laboratories, hospitals, or biotechnology facilities. It involves the use of engineering controls (e.g., biosafety cabinets), administrative controls (e.g., protocols), personal protective equipment (PPE), and facility design standards to protect workers and the public. Biosafety is commonly organised into four levels (BSL-1 to BSL-4) with increasing stringency based on the hazard level of the biological agent.
Example:
In a research laboratory working with tuberculosis bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) practices are required. This includes using sealed workspaces, HEPA-filtered ventilation systems, and respiratory protection to prevent airborne transmission to laboratory personnel or the external environment. These biosafety measures are critical to preventing occupational exposure and outbreaks.
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