“Acute” refers to health effects that result from short-term exposure to a hazardous substance or condition. These effects typically occur within minutes to hours of exposure and are often severe, which may require immediate medical attention.
Explanation of the Term “Acute”
Acute exposures involve a high concentration over a short period and can cause a rapid onset of symptoms. This contrasts with chronic exposures, which occur over longer durations due to repeated exposures and often involve lower doses.
Acute exposures can result in symptoms such as nausea, burns, dizziness, respiratory distress, or even death, depending on the substance and level of exposure. The body’s reaction is usually immediate and noticeable.
Key Takeaway: Occupational settings can involve acute risks from chemical spills, gas leaks, explosions, or sudden equipment failures. Acute risks demand rapid response protocols (e.g., emergency eyewashes, ventilation) to mitigate immediate dangers in the workplace.
Example
A worker accidentally inhales a high concentration of ammonia gas while cleaning an industrial refrigeration unit. Within minutes, the worker experiences eye irritation, coughing, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing—all signs of an acute respiratory response to ammonia exposure. Prompt medical evaluation is required.
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